| dc.description.abstract | A comparative study was conducted to compare the performance of waste stabilization
ponds (WSPs) with an upflow operation type advanced facultative pond integrated with constructed
wetland (AFP-CW) technologies. Our aim was to address gaps in economic, environmental, and social
aspects identified in traditional WSPs. Economic, environmental, and social sustainability indicators
were used in a mathematical model to select a sustainable technology for organic-rich wastewater
treatment for resource recovery. The results showed that for the AFP-CW, economic, environmental,
and social indicators were weighted at 10.18%, 51.11%, and 38.71%, respectively, while for WSPs,
the percentages were 14.55, 48.39, and 37.06, respectively. The composite sustainability indicator (CSI)
for AFP-CW was 42.14% and for WSPs was 39.27%, with the global sustainability indicator (GSi)
reaching 21.54% for AFP-CW and 18.88% for WSPs. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the
maximum global sustainability indicator was 22.34% for AFP-CW and 19.54% for WSPs. Overall, the
AFP-CW was considered a more sustainable technology for wastewater treatment, with lower
economic but higher environmental and social sustainability indicators compared to WSPs, which
showed higher economic but lower environmental and social sustainability indicators. The
sustainability of AFP-CW is supported by its small construction area, nutrient recovery in sludge,
biogas recovery, reduced global warming impact, as well as nutrient and water recycling for irrigation. | en_US |
